Article Title
Document Type
Original Study
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is building and applying the arbitral leadership scale for volleyball referees in Iraq. The researchers noticed, through their observation and living with the reality of volleyball referees' performance in Iraq, that there is a discrepancy and sometimes fluctuation in the level of arbitration in the level of volleyball referees (arbitral leadership) between one match and another and between one game and another, as well as in some decisions taken, which affects the match's results. He attributed this to the presence of several factors, including a weakness in the referee's level or lack of experience, and he sees this as a problem that must be studied to determine how much the referee has from the arbitral leadership. Therefore, the researcher decided to participate in this study to determine the level of arbitration for volleyball referees in Iraq to advance and improve the reality of arbitration in Iraq.
Recommended Citation
Al-Nasrawi, Zeyad Aneed Salman and Sheila, Sawsan Hodoud
(2022)
"The refereeing leadership of volleyball referees in Iraq,"
Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences: Vol. 1
:
Iss.
3
, Article 78.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.55384/2790-4237.1141
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Included in
Arts and Humanities Commons, Business Commons, Education Commons, Law Commons, Political Science Commons